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HIST 490: Historical Research and Writing

Course Guide for students in Dr. Transchel's History 490W.

Using your Sources

Scholarship is a conversation. To effectively be a part of that conversation, you must evaluate your sources, integrate the information, and give credit to the original contributors. 

Evaluating Your Sources

You must always think critically about the information you come in contact with. For every kind of source, you should always determine the source's credibility and relevancy to your research. There are many factors to consider. To start, think about the source's:

  1. Purpose
  2. Creator/Author
  3. Date Created/Published
  4. Sources Listed
     

Integrating Your Sources
To effectively make an argument for your research, you must use information from a credible author. There are three ways of doing this and all three require citing your sources.

  1. Quoting
  2. Paraphrasing 
  3. Summarizing
     

Citing Your Sources
To cite your sources in Chicago Manual of Style, check out this guide: 
https://libguides.csuchico.edu/citingsources-chicago

Annotated Bibliographies

bibliography is an organized list of sources (journal articles, books, government documents, websites, etc.) on a specific subject area. Citations in this organized list include the bibliographic information of each source, such as the author, title, and publication information. 

An annotation is a note, explanation, or commentary added to a text, image, or other data. 

An annotated bibliography is similar to a bibliography, with the difference being that each citation entry includes a brief description and/or assessment of the cited source - an annotation. Annotations are short paragraphs which are usually between 150 and 200 words, however, depending on your purpose they may be substantially longer. 

An annotated bibliography can serve the following purposes:

  • Evaluate / critique consulted sources
  • Demonstrate the quality of research and an understanding of cited sources
  • Provide a list of consulted resources and different formats
  • Serve as a reference for your own research
  • Review the available the literature on the subject
  • Act as a starting point to develop a thesis, research inquiry, or further research

For examples of annotated bibliographies in APA, MLA, and Chicago style, see Annotated Bibliography Samples at the Online Writing Lab by Purdue University.

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