Use Mergent Online to view details about public companies: names & salaries of executives, financial statements & balance sheets, stock ownership, company history, and financial filings.
Annual Reports to Shareholders:
10-Ks filed with the SEC:
Annual Reports are available only for companies that sell shares on a stock exchange. On company web sites, find them in the "corporate" section, usually in a link to "Investor" or "Financial" information.
The Security & Exchange Commission's EDGAR site offers other documents that public companies are required to file.